By Fester:
Clear, fairly limited goals are about the most that the United States should seek in Afghanistan. Even then, seemingly clear goals have the problem of running into reality.
Andrew Exum at CNAS has stated a COIN-centric goal set of building host-nation capacity:
The United States and its allies must have a coherent strategy for making the Afghan government realize, in Biddle's words, "its own best interest by making itself into a legitimate defender of all of its citizens� well-being." This goes beyond protecting effective ministers and governors, but that's a start.
The final truth is that even the most disciplined counterinsurgency operations in the world's history will fail in Afghanistan so long as the government of Afghanistan remains weak or illegitimate in the eyes of the people it aspires to govern.
Bruce R at Flit notes one significant problem with even the 'minimal' COIN goals. The goal set conflicts with the resource set. The US wants to build an Afghan central security apparatus that costs several times the annual revenue of the Afghan government. That security apparatus will not be a temporary expense but a ten to fifteen year expense if everything goes 'well.' That is a problem.
I'm frankly not sure how we can get to his necessary success-condition, that being an Afghan government that is not "weak or illegitimate," so long as we are paying 90% of the government's bills. Anything we do to try to make them more accountable for our funding (for instance, detention-sector reform) will necessarily risk making them look weak. But if we stay hands-off, there is no pressure to improve. And if we pull the funds, they collapse.
If Afghanistan were a country with a potential economic base even remotely commensurate with our ambitions for it, in terms of army size and so on, there might still be an easy way out of this, but I'm not seeing one, yet.
Right now any actions that increase Afghan government capacity in the form of foreign assistance decreases its legitimacy, while any actions that increase legitimacy decrease the type of capacity that the Afghan government's sponsors (mainly ISAF nations) want to increase.
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